Sensory and motor neurons are found in both the CNS and the PNS. Ī Sensory Neuron carries information from the periphery towards the CNS, which is also called an afferent neuron.Ī Motor Neuron conducts information from the CNS towards the periphery, being known as an efferent neuron. There are three types of neurons: Sensory, Motor and Interneuron. Therefore, the axon is specialized to generate and conduct the action potential. The terminal portion of the axon undergoes several ramifications to form hundreds to thousands of axon terminals, within which chemical neurotransmitters are stored. These are the processes that transmit impulses that leave the cell bodies of neurons, or dendrites. The axon has a very variable length, ranging from a few millimeters to more than a meter. Therefore, dendrites are specialized to receive stimuli.Īxons: The vast majority of neurons have an axon, a long, thin process that originates from the cell body or a main dendrite. A neuron can have thousands of dendrites. These are the processes or projections that transmit impulses to the cell bodies of neurons or to axons. The cell body is also, together with the dendrites, the site of reception of stimuli, through synaptic contacts.ĭendrites: they are usually short and branch profusely, like tree branches, at acute angles, giving rise to dendrites of smaller diameter. The shape and size of the cell body are extremely variable, depending on the type of neuron. The Cell Body: It is the metabolic center of the neuron, responsible for the synthesis of all neuronal proteins. Most neurons have three regions responsible for specialized functions: cell body, dendrites, and axons. Neurons: These are cells that are highly excitable cells that communicate with each other or with other effector cells, basically using electrical language. Glia Cells : comprises the cells that occupy the spaces between neurons and have the function of support, coating or isolation and modulation of neural activity. It has the basic function of receiving, processing and sending information. Neuron: It is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system that is specialized for rapid communication. Nervous tissue basically comprises two types of cell: neurons and glial cells.
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